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Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-AEH-02
In this interview Henry discusses how he first got involved in civil rights activity and how he became an active leader in the NAACP; contact with the Justice Department during the Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration; the FBI investigation into Henry and into the civil rights movement; Henry’s relationship with Medgar Evers; voting rights and voter registration campaigns; beatings and killings of activists in Mississippi; the NAACP and the 1960 presidential election; Jim Silver; Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders; labor movement leadership and the NAACP in the sixties; the relationships among the various civil rights organizations, including the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, SCLC, and SNCC; organizing boycotts of certain stores; Henry’s arrest in 1961; and the disappearance and murder of Andrew Goodman, Mickey Schwerner, and James Chaney in 1964, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-AEH-01
In this interview Henry discusses meeting John F. Kennedy [JFK] and Robert F. Kennedy; discussing Mississippi and civil rights issues with President JFK; voting rights and poll taxes; the freedom rides; the murder of three young activists in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964; Mississippi politics beginning in the late fifties; white people in Mississippi; school segregation; the 1960 presidential election; and early contact with the federal government and the Justice Department in 1961, among other issues.
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1961-05-19-B
AR07
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-BIB-01
Bernhard discusses the often contentious relations between the Commission on Civil Rights, John F. Kennedy’s White House, and the Justice Department, especially after a report and recommendations that the Commission made about Mississippi, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-RRB-01
Barnett discusses his conflicts with the federal government over civil rights, his opposition to integrating Mississippi schools and universities, and Mississippi’s economics during his governorship, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-JRL-01
In this interview Lewis discusses President John F. Kennedy on civil rights; Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] as Attorney General and civil rights; working on RFK’s 1968 presidential campaign; RFK’s assassination, 1968; J. Edgar Hoover and FBI investigations of the civil rights movement; discrimination, hatred, and violence; and the march from Selma to Montgomery and “Bloody Sunday,” 1965, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-NEH-02
In this interview Halaby discusses different civil rights issues throughout John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] Administration, including the process of and problems with desegregating airport terminals in accordance with Boynton v. Virginia (1960); the 1961 hijacking of a plane, referred to as the El Paso incident; constructing and dedicating the new John Foster Dulles Airport; federal transportation policy; different White House staff members and procedures; and running the Federal Aviation Administration, including problems with certain political figures, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-RFK-05
In this interview Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] and Marshall discuss how John F. Kennedy [JFK] and RFK grew increasingly more involved with and concerned about civil rights; getting Martin Luther King out of jail during JFK’s 1960 campaign; civil rights advisers during JFK’s 1960 campaign; RFK becoming Attorney General amidst the civil rights battle and the transitional period in the Department of Justice [DOJ]; how Marshall got his position in the DOJ; the struggle over school desegregation; the New Orleans school crisis of February 1961; the Freedom Riders and violence against them; sending federal marshals to Alabama; trying to find a bus driver to get the Freedom Riders out of Birmingham, Alabama; criticism of RFK’s response to the Freedom Riders; how Freedom Riders were arrested and threatened in Mississippi; African-American voting rights in the South and DOJ authority; difficulties with judges; Supreme Court appointments; the FBI and organized crime; reorganization of the DOJ; RFK’s interactions with the FBI and J. Edgar Hoover after JFK’s death; Hoover’s allegations about JFK and the Kennedy family; the alleged FBI wiretapping of officials; JFK’s opinion of Hoover; FBI press releases; connecting the civil rights movement with communism to discredit it; FBI involvement in civil rights matters; issues with the FBI as having civilian control of a police force; JFK’s communication with King and other civil rights leaders; civil rights legislation; the issue of equal employment; the Civil Rights Commission; and violence against African Americans in Birmingham in the spring of 1963, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-RFK-04
In this interview Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] discusses American aid to Argentina; American, British, and French involvement in Africa; the 1962 executive order about segregation in federally-funded housing; appointing African-American judges; changes John F. Kennedy [JFK] was contemplating in the Alliance for Progress; the Dominican crisis; the wheat sale to the Soviet Union; the Bobby Baker case; preparing for JFK’s 1964 campaign; RFK’s return to work after JFK’s assassination and disagreements among the Cabinet members and under President Lyndon B. Johnson; changes in White House staff and the Democratic Party; RFK’s political plans for after 1964; and JFK’s opinions of his staff and appointees, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-RFK-02
In this interview Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] discusses the 1961 Berlin crisis; American forces, military and diplomatic, in Germany; John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] recommendation for Americans to have fallout shelters; nuclear testing; problems with the Department of State; the start of the conflict in Vietnam, 1961; the Department of Justice under RFK and organized crime; RFK’s difficult relationship with J. Edgar Hoover; the wiretapping bill; new federal judgeships in 1961 and other presidential appointments; the Alliance for Progress; Red China; crises during JFK’s presidency and how he was an optimist; RFK’s move for an income tax increase during the Berlin crisis; RFK’s disagreements with President JFK; indecisiveness over picking JFK’s running mate, 1960; the missile gap; fighting and UN operations in the Congo; Nikita S. Khrushchev’s speeches; RFK’s 1962 trip to Japan, Indonesia, Germany, and other countries; the release of Allen L. Pope; Dutch disputes in Southeast Asia; the 1961 crisis in the Dominican Republic and the assassination of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina; the 1962 disarmament conference in Geneva; Edward M. Kennedy’s 1962 campaign for U.S. Senate; the Kennedy family national and political reputation; the Justice Department under RFK and civil rights; and the 1962 steel crisis, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-JLF-02
Farmer discusses the Freedom Rides, the JFK administration and civil rights legislation, and Farmer’s support for RFK in New York, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-LEM-03
In this interview Martin discusses helping fill government positions after John F. Kennedy [JFK] is elected President, 1960; the appointment of African American judges, including Thurgood Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; providing African American candidates for different agency positions; civil rights crises during JFK’s Administration; Lee White as the White House advisor on civil rights; the civil rights bill introduced in 1963; religious groups in the civil rights movement; the issue of “white backlash”; and working for President JFK versus working for President Lyndon B. Johnson, among other issues.
Oral history
Robert F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
RFKOH-PBE-06
Edelman discusses Robert F. Kennedy's (RFK) 1966 trip to Mississippi, New York politics, social legislation including medicaid, social security, and welfare, and Frank O’Connor’s 1966 New York gubernatorial campaign, among other issues.
Oral history
Robert F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
RFKOH-OCC-01
Carr discusses Democratic politics in Mississippi; segregation, racism and the civil rights movement; the Justice Department’s involvement in desegregation and voter registration during the John F. Kennedy administration; and Robert F. Kennedy’s 1968 presidential run, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-CRV-01
Vance discusses his role in John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] presidential campaign (1960) and his position as General Counsel. He covers the riots surrounding the enrollment of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi, and discusses JFK’s decisions to use armed forces in order to maintain order throughout this situation, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-JCR-01
Rosenthal discusses working with Robert F. Kennedy in the Justice Department, contributions of the department, and the Civil Rights Movement, among other issues.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04J-2
Sound recording of a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Cyrus R. Vance. They schedule a meeting regarding the University of Mississippi crisis.Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4J, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04J, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4J.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04J-1
Sound recording of a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Cyrus R. Vance. They discuss managing troops deployed to Mississippi to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis.The recording begins in mid-conversation. Frequently there is an echo, and the dictation belt skips.
Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4J, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04J, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4J.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04J
Dictation Belt 4J contains six sound recordings. Item 4J.1 is a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Cyrus R. Vance. They discuss managing troops deployed to Mississippi to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis. The recording begins in mid-conversation. Frequently there is an echo, and the dictation belt skips. Item 4J.2 is a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Cyrus R. Vance. They schedule a meeting regarding the University of Mississippi crisis. Item 4J.3 is closed. Personal conversations withdrawn under privacy provisions of the donor’s deed of gift. Item 4J.4 is a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln and William H. Brandt, an officer on the White House Police Force. Officer Brandt announces visitors, including “Jimmy Deakins” (probably James A. Deakins, bill clerk of the House Committee on Armed Services) and a doctor from Germany. Chatter from [White House Operators?] precedes the conversation, and machine noise follows the conversation. Item 4J.5 is a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln and a White House Operator. Lincoln asks to place a call and the operator reports back on a call to the Duchess of Devonshire. Item 4J.6 is a telephone conversation held on October 2, 1962, between Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln and an unidentified man in the White House supply room. Lincoln orders envelopes. The recording of this conversation ends abruptly and continues on Dictation Belt 4K.Transcript included. Each item listed above is also available individually as an excerpt derived from this full-length digitized recording. See Related Records for more information.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04H-1
Sound recording of a telephone conversation probably held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy, Cyrus R. Vance, and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. They discuss moving troops to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis. They also discuss plans regarding a scheduled ceremony.Machine noise follows the conversation.
Transcript included.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04G-4
Sound recording of a telephone conversation held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Solicitor General Archibald Cox. President Kennedy asks Cox for legal counsel on handling the possible arrests of Edwin A. Walker and others for acts committed during the University of Mississippi crisis.[White House Operator?] announces the call to Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln.
Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4G, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04G, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4G.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04G-3
Sound recording of a telephone conversation held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Governor Ross R. Barnett of Mississippi. They discuss maintaining law and order during the University of Mississippi crisis and comment on President Kennedy’s radio and television report to the nation on the crisis.The recording begins in mid-conversation.
Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4G, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04G, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4G.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04G-2
Sound recording of a telephone conversation probably held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and United States Army General Creighton W. Abrams. They discuss moving troops to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis.[White House Operator?] announces the call to Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln.
Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4G, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04G, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4G.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04G-1
The recording of this conversation begins on Dictation Belt 4F.7. Sound recording of part of a telephone conversation probably held on October 1, 1962, between Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and United States Army General Creighton W. Abrams. They complete their discussion about moving troops to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis.Machine noise follows the conversation.
Transcript included. This sound recording was originally recorded on Dictation Belt 4G, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. To hear all of the recordings on the Dictation Belt, see Digital Identifier: JFKPOF-TPH-04G, Title: Telephone Recordings: Dictation Belt 4G.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-TPH-04G
Dictation Belt 4G contains six sound recordings. The recording of the conversation in item 4G.1 begins on Dictation Belt 4F.7. Item 4G.1 is part of a telephone conversation probably held on October 1, 1962, between Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and United States Army General Creighton W. Abrams. They complete their discussion about moving troops to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis. Machine noise follows the conversation. Item 4G.2 is a telephone conversation probably held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and United States Army General Creighton W. Abrams. They discuss moving troops to deal with the University of Mississippi crisis. [White House Operator?] announces the call to Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln. Item 4G.3 is a telephone conversation held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Governor Ross R. Barnett of Mississippi. They discuss maintaining law and order during the University of Mississippi crisis and comment on President Kennedy’s radio and television report to the nation on the crisis. The recording begins in mid-conversation. Item 4G.4 is a telephone conversation held on October 1, 1962, between President John F. Kennedy and Solicitor General Archibald Cox. President Kennedy asks Cox for legal counsel on handling the possible arrests of Edwin A. Walker and others for acts committed during the University of Mississippi crisis. [White House Operator?] announces the call to Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln. Item 4G.5 is a brief telephone exchange held on October 1, 1962, between Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln and an unidentified man who answers a call to an usher’s office. Lincoln states that the President left with his hat in his hand. [White House Operator?] places the call at Lincoln’s request. Item 4G.5A is a brief telephone exchange held on October 1, 1962, between Personal Secretary Evelyn Lincoln and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. Secretary McNamara asks to speak to President John F. Kennedy. After a brief initial exchange between [White House Operator?] and Lincoln, the telephone hangs up, rings, and [White House Operator?] announces the call. Machine noise follows the conversation.Transcript included. Each item listed above is also available individually as an excerpt derived from this full-length digitized recording. See Related Records for more information.